How To Care for Newly Planted Trees in the St. Louis Area

Planting a tree is a long-term investment in your property’s beauty, shade, and environmental health. However, newly planted trees can struggle to establish themselves without the proper plant care, making them vulnerable to stress, disease, and even premature removal. Whether you’re a homeowner or managing a commercial property in the St. Louis area, how you care for newly planted trees in the first few years makes a difference in their survival rate.

This tree care guide covers essential steps to help your trees develop strong roots, healthy foliage, and lasting appeal—as well as when to call professional help for the best results.

The First Year Is Crucial for Newly Planted Trees

Newly planted trees go through an adjustment period as they develop their root systems. During this time, they are more vulnerable to stress, which can lead to slow growth, disease, and even failure that requires removal.

Neglecting proper care for newly planted trees—such as proper watering, soil management, and pest protection—can result in weak, unhealthy trees that don’t survive. Following best practices ensures a smooth transition from the nursery to your yard, setting your tree up for long-term success.

How Long Does It Take for a Tree to Establish Itself?

It generally takes about three years for a tree to fully establish its roots and begin a normal growth pattern. Several factors influence this timeline:

Tree species: Fast-growing trees (like maples) establish more quickly than slow-growers (like oaks).
Soil conditions: Poor soil can hinder establishment.
Watering habits: Proper hydration speeds up establishment, and improper watering delays establishment.

Avoid major pruning, excessive fertilizing, or disrupting the root zone during this period.

Proper Watering for Newly Planted Trees

Watering is the most critical factor in tree establishment. Young trees, especially in their first two years, need consistent moisture to develop strong roots.

Watering Guidelines for Newly Planted Trees

Following a structured watering schedule can prevent drought stress and overwatering, both of which can harm young trees.

First Six Months: Water deeply two to three times per week, ensuring the soil stays consistently moist but never soggy. Newly planted trees lose a significant amount of moisture as they adjust, so keeping the root zone evenly damp is crucial. Check the soil by sticking your finger a few inches into the ground—if it feels dry, it’s time to water. Signs of underwatering include wilting, drooping leaves, or leaf edges turning brown.
After 6 months: As the tree becomes more established, water once per week, adjusting based on rainfall and seasonal changes. If there’s heavy rain, you can skip a watering session. During hot, dry spells, frequently check the soil moisture and water as needed. Established young trees should receive 10-15 gallons of water per week, depending on their size and species. If leaves appear scorched, brittle, or fall prematurely, it may indicate drought stress and the need for increased watering.

Following these watering guidelines and staying observant of your tree’s health can ensure strong root development and long-term vitality. Consulting with an arborist, soaker hoses, and Gator Bags can help take the guesswork out of watering your new trees.

Mulching: Why and How to Do It Right

Mulch helps retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and prevent weeds—but misusing it can do more harm than good.

Best Practices for Mulching

Improper mulching can cause serious harm. Follow these best practices to get the most out of your mulch:

Use organic mulch like wood chips, shredded bark, or compost. Organic mulch breaks down over time, enriching the soil with essential nutrients. Avoid using inorganic materials like rubber mulch or gravel, which do not provide the same benefits and can overheat the soil. A good rule of thumb is to refresh mulch annually as it decomposes.
Apply a 2–3 inch layer around the tree base. Too little mulch won’t effectively retain moisture, while too much can become hydrophobic. Aim for a uniform layer, spreading the mulch evenly to create a protective barrier. If you see the soil drying out quickly or weeds pushing through, you may need to add more.
Keep mulch two to three inches from the trunk to prevent rot and pest problems. Mulch touching the trunk traps moisture against the bark, leading to decay, fungal infections, and an increased risk of insect infestations. Look for dark, soft, or peeling bark near the tree’s base—these are signs that mulch is too close and needs to be pulled back.
Mulch also protects young trees from mower and weed eater damage.

Skipping mulch entirely leaves roots exposed to extreme temperatures and weeds. Unprotected roots are vulnerable to drying out in the summer and freezing in the winter. Without mulch, weeds compete for nutrients and water, slowing the tree’s growth.

An adequately mulched tree maintains stable soil conditions, conserves water, and reduces stress during its critical first years.

Preventing Transplant Shock in Trees

Transplant shock occurs when a tree struggles to adjust to its new environment. This can result in wilting, slow growth, and leaf drop.

How to Reduce Transplant Shock

Water consistently for the first two years. Follow the tips for watering covered above for optimal results. Watch for signs of overwatering, like yellowing leaves or moldy soil, and underwatering, such as curling or wilting leaves.
Avoid fertilizing too soon—focus on root development first. While fertilization can be beneficial for mature trees, applying too soon after planting can encourage excessive canopy growth before the roots are fully established. This imbalance can make the tree unstable. Wait at least one growing season before introducing a slow-release, balanced fertilizer.
Shield young trees from strong winds and direct sun if needed. New trees are vulnerable to environmental stressors like high winds, extreme temperatures, and direct sunlight. If your tree is exposed, consider installing stakes to stabilize, wrapping the trunk, or providing shade during peak sun hours. This is especially helpful for species prone to sun scald, like maple and dogwood trees. If you notice scorched, dry, or curling leaves, your tree may be getting too much sun exposure.
Prune only when necessary—avoid heavy pruning in the first year. While it may be tempting to shape your new tree, excessive pruning can weaken it further during the critical establishment period. Remove only dead, broken, or crossing branches in the first year. Major pruning should be postponed until the tree fully adjusts to its new location. If you notice excessive suckers (small shoots at the base of the trunk) or weak branch attachments, consult a certified arborist for guidance.
Watch for signs of severe stress, such as major leaf loss or stunted growth. Some leaf drop is normal after transplanting, but if your tree is shedding a significant number of leaves, failing to show new growth, or is discolored, it may be struggling. Other indicators of transplant shock include premature fall coloration, wilting despite adequate watering, and slow root establishment. If these symptoms persist, a certified arborist can assess the tree’s condition and recommend targeted solutions, such as root stimulators, improved watering techniques, or soil amendments.

As you can see, caring for newly planted trees is no simple task. Explore MTS’s plant health care services to see how we can make sure your new trees grow strong and tall.

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Should You Fertilize a Newly Planted Tree?

Fertilizers can help trees grow, but newly planted trees need a different approach than mature ones.

When to Fertilize:

First year: Avoid heavy fertilization—it can overstimulate leaf growth and weaken root development.
Second year and beyond: Use a slow-release, balanced fertilizer based on soil needs.
Consider formulations that are more focused on root development than canopy growth.

Signs Your Tree May Need Fertilizer:

Pale or yellowing leaves.
Slow or weak growth.
Sparse foliage with limited new growth.

Before applying fertilizer, test your soil to avoid over-fertilization, which can burn young roots.

Common Pests and Diseases to Watch For

Newly planted trees in St. Louis face threats from various pests and diseases that can weaken or kill them if left untreated.

Common Tree Pests in Missouri:

Japanese beetles: Chew through leaves, reducing tree strength.
Aphids: Suck sap from leaves, causing curling and discoloration.
Bagworms: Damage evergreens by stripping foliage.

Common Tree Diseases:

Anthracnose: Causes dark spots on leaves.
Oak wilt: A deadly disease that spreads through root grafts and insects attracted to fresh wounds.
Powdery mildew: Appears as white, powdery growth on leaves.
Galls: Woody scar tissue formed by the tree after wasps lay their eggs in the branch.

If you notice signs of pests or disease, contacting a tree care professional early can help prevent extensive damage.

When to Call a Professional for Help

While many aspects of caring for newly planted trees can be handled independently, some situations require professional expertise.

Consider Hiring an Arborist If:

Your tree isn’t growing after its first season.
You notice pests, diseases, or severe transplant shock.
Soil doesn’t drain properly, causing standing water.
You need help with pruning or structural support.

Professional tree care ensures your investment thrives, preventing costly mistakes and providing a strong, healthy tree for years to come.

Set Your Trees Up for Long-Term Success With Meyer Tree Service

With over 40 years of combined experience and a team of certified arborists, we know how to care for newly planted trees in the St. Louis area. Working with our experts ensures strong tree roots and healthy leaf growth and safeguards them from avoidable damage. Contact us today to schedule an in-person appointment for MTS to assess your newly planted trees and offer expert guidance and services.